sixhotdogneck
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Working through the math of PPM calculations for the various brewing salts (adding 1g/gal of each salt):
Molecular weights of various elements and ions:
Ca = 40.078 g/mol
Cl = 35.453 g/mol
SO4 = 96.06 g/mol
Na = 22.989769 g/mol
Mg = 24.305 g/mol
H = 1.00794 g/mol
O = 15.999 g/mol
HCO3 = 61.0168 g/mol
CO3 = 60.01 g/mol
OH = 17.008 g/mol
H2O = 18.01528 g/mol
General Formula:
X = ion addition in units of mg/L
Y = molecular weight of element in g/mol
Z = total molecular weight of ion in g/mol
W = resulting mg/L
X mg/L * (Y g/mol / Z g/mol) = W mg/L
Determine mg/L of a 1g/gal addition of each salt:
1mg/L = 1ppm
3.78541 L/gal
1g/3.78541L = 0.26417217685798896288645087322113 g/L * 1000 mg/g = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L = ppm
PPM Calculations:
Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate (Gypsum)
CaSO4 + 2(H2O) = 172.16856 g/mol
Ca = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (40.078 g/mol / 172.16856 g/mol) = 61.5 mg/L (ppm)
SO4 = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (96.06 g/mol / 172.16856 g/mol) = 147.39 mg/L (ppm)
Calcium Chloride
CaCl(2) = 110.984 g/mol
Ca = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (40.078 g/mol / 110.984 g/mol) = 95.4 mg/L (ppm)
Cl = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (70.906 g/mol / 110.984 g/mol) = 168.8 mg/L (ppm)
Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate (Epsom Salts)
MgSO4 + 7(H2O) = 246.47196 g/mol
Mg = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (24.305 g/mol / 246.47196 g/mol) = 26.05 mg/L (ppm)
SO4 = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (96.06 g/mol / 246.47196 g/mol) = 102.96 mg/L (ppm)
Magnesium Chloride Hexahydrate
MgCl(2) + 6(H2O) = 203.30268 g/mol
Mg = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (24.305 g/mol / 203.30268 g/mol) = 31.58 mg/L (ppm)
Cl = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (70.906 g/mol / 203.30268 g/mol) = 92.135 mg/L (ppm)
Sodium Chloride (Salt)
NaCl = 58.44 g/mol
Na = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (22.989769 g/mol / 58.44 g/mol) = 103.9229 mg/L (ppm)
Cl = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (35.453 g/mol / 58.44 g/mol) = 160.2617 mg/L (ppm)
Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda)
NaHCO3 = 84.007 g/mol
Na = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (22.989769 g/mol / 84.007 g/mol) = 72.294 mg/L (ppm)
HCO3 = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (61.0168 g/mol / 84.007 g/mol) = 191.876 mg/L (ppm)
Calcium Carbonate (Chalk)
CaCO3 = 100.0869 g/mol
Ca = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (40.078 g/mol / 100.0869 g/mol) = 105.782 mg/L (ppm)
HCO3 = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (61.0168 g/mol / 100.0869 g/mol) * 2 = 322.0989 mg/L (ppm) (terms of bicarbonate)
Calcium Hydroxide (Pickling Lime)
Ca(OH)2 = 74.093 g/mol
Ca = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (40.078 g/mol / 74.093 g/mol) = 142.894 mg/L (ppm)
HCO3 = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (61.0168 g/mol / 74.093 g/mol) * 2 = 435.100 mg/L (ppm) (terms of bicarbonate)
Several questions arise:
1.) Is the bicarbonate equivalent of the carbonate done correctly? (i.e. Multiply by 2)
2.) Would spreadsheet makers consider changing their sheets such that instead of supplying the concentration of the salt in question (and guessing at the concentration to attain a certain ppm) one could specify the desired ppm and the spreadsheet would solve for the needed concentration/weight?
Reference:
Alkalinity Conversions
Molecular weights of various elements and ions:
Ca = 40.078 g/mol
Cl = 35.453 g/mol
SO4 = 96.06 g/mol
Na = 22.989769 g/mol
Mg = 24.305 g/mol
H = 1.00794 g/mol
O = 15.999 g/mol
HCO3 = 61.0168 g/mol
CO3 = 60.01 g/mol
OH = 17.008 g/mol
H2O = 18.01528 g/mol
General Formula:
X = ion addition in units of mg/L
Y = molecular weight of element in g/mol
Z = total molecular weight of ion in g/mol
W = resulting mg/L
X mg/L * (Y g/mol / Z g/mol) = W mg/L
Determine mg/L of a 1g/gal addition of each salt:
1mg/L = 1ppm
3.78541 L/gal
1g/3.78541L = 0.26417217685798896288645087322113 g/L * 1000 mg/g = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L = ppm
PPM Calculations:
Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate (Gypsum)
CaSO4 + 2(H2O) = 172.16856 g/mol
Ca = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (40.078 g/mol / 172.16856 g/mol) = 61.5 mg/L (ppm)
SO4 = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (96.06 g/mol / 172.16856 g/mol) = 147.39 mg/L (ppm)
Calcium Chloride
CaCl(2) = 110.984 g/mol
Ca = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (40.078 g/mol / 110.984 g/mol) = 95.4 mg/L (ppm)
Cl = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (70.906 g/mol / 110.984 g/mol) = 168.8 mg/L (ppm)
Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate (Epsom Salts)
MgSO4 + 7(H2O) = 246.47196 g/mol
Mg = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (24.305 g/mol / 246.47196 g/mol) = 26.05 mg/L (ppm)
SO4 = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (96.06 g/mol / 246.47196 g/mol) = 102.96 mg/L (ppm)
Magnesium Chloride Hexahydrate
MgCl(2) + 6(H2O) = 203.30268 g/mol
Mg = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (24.305 g/mol / 203.30268 g/mol) = 31.58 mg/L (ppm)
Cl = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (70.906 g/mol / 203.30268 g/mol) = 92.135 mg/L (ppm)
Sodium Chloride (Salt)
NaCl = 58.44 g/mol
Na = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (22.989769 g/mol / 58.44 g/mol) = 103.9229 mg/L (ppm)
Cl = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (35.453 g/mol / 58.44 g/mol) = 160.2617 mg/L (ppm)
Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda)
NaHCO3 = 84.007 g/mol
Na = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (22.989769 g/mol / 84.007 g/mol) = 72.294 mg/L (ppm)
HCO3 = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (61.0168 g/mol / 84.007 g/mol) = 191.876 mg/L (ppm)
Calcium Carbonate (Chalk)
CaCO3 = 100.0869 g/mol
Ca = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (40.078 g/mol / 100.0869 g/mol) = 105.782 mg/L (ppm)
HCO3 = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (61.0168 g/mol / 100.0869 g/mol) * 2 = 322.0989 mg/L (ppm) (terms of bicarbonate)
Calcium Hydroxide (Pickling Lime)
Ca(OH)2 = 74.093 g/mol
Ca = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (40.078 g/mol / 74.093 g/mol) = 142.894 mg/L (ppm)
HCO3 = 264.17217685798896288645087322113 mg/L * (61.0168 g/mol / 74.093 g/mol) * 2 = 435.100 mg/L (ppm) (terms of bicarbonate)
Several questions arise:
1.) Is the bicarbonate equivalent of the carbonate done correctly? (i.e. Multiply by 2)
2.) Would spreadsheet makers consider changing their sheets such that instead of supplying the concentration of the salt in question (and guessing at the concentration to attain a certain ppm) one could specify the desired ppm and the spreadsheet would solve for the needed concentration/weight?
Reference:
Alkalinity Conversions